Georgia’s history dates back thousands of years, with evidence of some of the world’s oldest
human settlements. The country was home to the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia,
playing a crucial role in trade routes like the Silk Road. During the medieval period, Georgia
experienced a golden age under Queen Tamar (12th-13th centuries), known for cultural
prosperity and military success. Later, the country endured invasions by Mongols, Persians,
and Ottomans before being annexed by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. After a
turbulent Soviet era, Georgia regained independence in 1991 and has since developed into a
thriving nation with a strong sense of identity.
The Georgian Alphabet: A Unique Script
One of Georgia’s most fascinating aspects is its alphabet, which is among the world's
fourteen unique writing systems. The Georgian language has three historical scripts:
•	Asomtavruli – The oldest and most decorative script, mainly used in religious
inscriptions.
•	Nuskhuri – Developed in the 9th century, used alongside Asomtavruli in religious
texts.
•	Mkhedruli – The modern script used in everyday life, consisting of 33 beautifully
curved letters with no capital letters. The Georgian alphabet is considered a symbol
of national pride and was inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list in
2016.